ABSTRACT
Face Detection, which is an effortless task for humans, is complex to perform in machines. In recent times. the speed of which we are having the resources of computational is in the way of the advancement of face detection technology. There are many fully developed algorithms made to detect t faces. There is a immense increase in the video and image database by which there is an incredible need of automatic understanding and examination of information by the smart systems. Face plays a major role in social intercourse for conveying identity and feelings of a person. The techniques of face detection system play a major role in face recognition, facial expression interaction, head-pose recognition, human- computer interaction. estimation etc. Face detection is a computer technology which determines the size of a human face and the location of a human Face in a digital image. There are many topics in the computer vision literature but Face detection has been standout amongst all the topics.
INTRODUCTION
Face detection is an issue of computer vision which involves finding the faces in images. It is also the main and the starting step for many face-related technologies. For instance, there are many technologies like face verification face modeling, gender and age recognition, head pose tracking, facial expression recognition and many more. Face detection is a trifling task for humans, which can perform naturally with almost no hard work or effort. However, the task is not simple and its very complex and complicated to perform via machines and requires many computationally complex steps to be undertaken. In recent times, the development in computational technology has ameliorated the research in the area of the Face detection. As of now, there are many algorithms and methods for detecting faces have been proposed.There are many research projects and commercial products have demonstrated the capability of a computer which can interact with the humans in a very simple and natural way by looking cameras, listening to people through the microphones, understanding these inputs and then reacting to the users or the people in a very friendly manner. There are many techniques but one of the fundamental techniques which enables such natural Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is Face Detection.
THE CHALLENGES IN THE FACE DETECTION TECHNIQUES
There are many challenges in face detection, the reasons behind it is the requirement for accuracy, and the detection rate of the face detection. The challenges are not simple. Some of them are too many faces in images, odd expression, less resolution, face occlusion, illumination, skin colour, distance and orientation etc.
Face occlusion: Face occlusion is hiding face by any object by which face recognition is not done. It may be any thing like scarf, hairs, hand, glasses etc. It also reduces the face detection rate.
Illumination: When there is a lightening, effect in the face by which the face cannot be detected properly.
Distance: If their is too much distance between the camera and the face which leads to reduce accuracy and the detection in rate of the face detection.
Too many faces in the image: This means that the image or face which contains too many human faces, which is challenge for the face detection.
Complex Background: this mean that a image having many objects in their background that will reduces the accuracy and the rate of face detection.
Less resolution: The Resolution of image may be very low or poor means the quality is not good, which is also challenging for face detection.
Skin colour: The Skin-colour differs as the geographical location differs. Skin color of an Indian is different from the an African and the skin colour of an African is different from the an American and so on. So, the changing in the skin colour is also challenging for face detection. Viola and Jones have stated their three key supports. There are three key supports are as follows:
1. The first one is that the there is introduction of a new image illustration called the integral image which allows the different features used by our detector to be composed very quickly.
2. The seconds an easy and efficient classifier which is uded in a algorithm to select a small number of critical visual features from a very large set of potential features.
3. The third contribution is a process for combining classifiers in the terms of a cascade which allows background regions of the image to be quickly discarded.
Advantages of Feature Searching
Feature Searching is the most admired algorithm for face detection in real time. The main advantage of Viola and Jones approach is its uncompetitive detection speed while relatively high detection accuracy, comparable to much slower algorithms. Viola and Jones technique for Face detection is successful method as it has a very low false positive rate.
Limitations of Feature Searching:
- Limited head poses.
- Do not detect black faces.
- Extremely long training time.
CONCLUSION
In the recent time, face detection has achieved considerable attention from every parts in the society like from researchers in bio-metrics, pattern recognition, and the computer vision groups. In this area, there are countless security, and forensic applications requiring the use of face recognition technologies. Now-a-days, as you can see that the face detection system is very important in our day to day life. There are many technologies and among the entire sorts of biometric, face detection and recognition system is the most accurate in terms of the accuarcy. In this paper, we have presented a review of face detection techniques. It is very much interesting and exciting to see face detection techniques be increasingly used in real-world applications and products. Application of the face detection and the challenges of face detection which are faced are also been discussed which motivated us to do the research in face detection. In future, it is most straightforward direction is to further improvement in face detection in presence of some problems like face occlusion and non-uniform illumination. It has a very bright and great future ahead in upcoming times. Currently, many companies providing facial biometric in smart phones or mobile phones for purpose of access. In future it will be used for payments, security, healthcare, advertising, criminal identifications.
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